First flown in 1936, the Storch was developed specifically for slow-speed flying and for take off from and landing in restricted spaces. It was used throughout World War II on various military duties, the Fi 156A-1 being the first production type; the Fi 156C-1 serving as a staff transport; the Fi 156C-2 as a short-range reconnaissance aircraft; and the Fi 156D as an ambulance. Other sub-types were used for general-purpose and army co-operation duties. During the occupation of France, the Fi 156 was built by the Morane-Saulnier company at its Puteaux factory, while others were produced in Mraz, Czechoslovakia.
A total of 2,549 Fi 156s were built. Serving on virtually every front, the Storch is best remembered for rescuing Benito Mussolini from the hotel where he was being held in the Gran Sasso mountain range on 12 September 1943.